The Grand Postulates

After more than 100 years of the relativity and quantum theories establishment, physicists are still unsure about the nature of the world we live in. One of the big pictures that mainstream physicists have adopted is the expanding 4-dimensional world surrounded by nothingness. Anything beyond that configuration such as 10-dimensional environment put forward by the superstring theory, for example, is considered as unphysical except that the extra-dimensions are assumed to curl up into tiny loops leaving the 4-dimensionality of the spacetime intact.

The grand relativity theory that we try to establish, on the other hand, takes into account the whole grand cosmos realm consisting of “concentric” quantum worlds, each of which is successively embedded and rotating within the other from the smallest dimensional world to the highest dimensional one (could be close to infinite) that nature imposes as a limit. The grand cosmos is like gigantic quantum clockwork in which each rotating wheel perpetually appears and disappears at different rhythms from one to the other.

The building blocks of such grand cosmos from the smallest to the highest world successively are [3-dimensional] energy (E), 4-dimensional energy or action (Et₁), 5-dimensional higher energy (Et₁t₂) and so on. … up to n-dimensional highest energy (Et₁t₂ … t_n), where t₁, t₂ … t_n are the respective time of the individual world.

The following are the postulates that the Grand Relativity Theory heavily depends upon:

Postulate 1: The eon, the ocean of action, is the primordial substance of which the spacetime is its geometrical aspect.

The turn of the 20th century was marked by Max Planck accidental discovery revealing the reality that nobody was aware. The discovery is far-reaching; in a nutshell, the world is nothing but made up of action, by action, and for action to be manifested.

The world is not made up of fundamental "solid" particles, as most people think since they are in verity ephemeral. The right unyielding building blocks of the universe are the 4-dimensional quanta of action ^a), discrete union of energy and time (Et), known as Planck's constant (h). The world may be depicted as a sort of vast 4-dimensional ocean in which the quanta are its 4-dimensional tiny water molecules.

It is precisely the argument that Wilhelm Ostwald, the leader of the energeticists, should possess to counter his fierce opponents, the materialists. Ostwald (1891) developed a monistic energetics that granted the status of reality only to energy. For him, matter no longer constituted an independent reality but became a mere energy derivative.

The aforementioned configuration of the world is complete when one puts the Minkowski discovery in the whole picture in which the 4-dimensional spacetime, the union of space and time geometrizes the vast ocean of energy (action). The discoveries of Planck (1900) and Minkowski (1908) revealed two different aspects of the same reality: the ocean of action as the real primeval substance and the spacetime as the geometrical aspect of the ocean.

For the sake of giving a better perception of its tangibility, we coin this ocean of action, "eon", a traditional term for timeless undifferentiated epoch ^b).

Postulate 2: The duality of eon gradually differentiates space and time and makes the hypersurface expanding.

In the relativist world, there is virtually no creation but separation. Nature tends to break down the unity into duality, and duality into plurality ^c). Albeit of its apparent unity, the eon is no exception. It bears duality which tends to split itself into the opposites - its positive and negative parts ^d).

Intrinsically the eon is homogeneous and isotropic reflected by the symmetry of its related spacetime.  As such, the spacetime's dimensions are completely equivalent ^e). There is yet no differentiation between temporal and spatial dimensions, not mention the existence of matter. We may refer to such a world as a first order, the transcendent reality. The mainstream physicists misinterpret this [unsplit] world as the real world, leading to the crisis that the physics now bears.

Once the duality comes into actuality, the eon gradually segregates into its positive and negative parts. This kind of incident is coined as spontaneous symmetry breaking. We may refer to such a world of separation as a secondary order, the immanent reality. This act of separation naturally creates in between the opposites a hypersurface ^f) of one dimension lower than that of the ambient spacetime.  The gradual segregation of the opposing eons enlarges the area of the hypersurface, the phenomenon that makes our universe expanding ^g).

Across through the hypersurface, the eon (Et) splits into a 3-dimensional "surface" energy (E) and time (t), the latter is reflected as a temporal dimension which direction is normal to the hypersurface. The surface energy ^h), a sort of 3-dimensional “interfacial tension” which makes the hypersurface tenser and keeps it from tearing apart is intimately related to what we know as gravitational constant (G). The dimensions along the hypersurface which are more tangible than those normal to it are classified as spatial dimensions ⁱ⁾.

The hypersurface may be curved locally or globally depending on the distribution of energy and matter therein as what the general relativity theory asserts.

Postulate 3: Time is the manifestation of the appearance and disappearance of the hypersurface.

The hypersurface as a real entity has non-zero thickness but extremely small to the extent that below, everything will disappear into thin air.  The lower limit that nature allows is the Planck distance of 10^-33 cm equivalent to the Planck time, 10^-44 second ^j). At around this particular thickness, however, the hypersurface is extremely unstable and barely exists, it perpetually appears and disappears to and fro energy ^k).

This hypersurface's thickness represents what we experience as the duration of the [microscopic] now. It is the perpetual presence and absence of the space that makes up time. When space disappears the now becoming the past, when reappears the future becoming the now.

As such, the time travel that some physicists believe on is just wishful thinking. There is absolutely no need for the natural chronological protection that Stephen Hawking vaguely talked about.

Postulate 4: The interplay of the opposing eons across through the hypersurface generates [ephemeral] matter.

The interaction of the two opposing eons generates quantum fields that go through the hypersurface which in turn generating quantum sparks (matters) on it which perpetually appear and disappear together with the hypersurface at the pace equal to the speed of light (c). The sparks which appear at the surface facing the positive eon (the past side) are matters while those facing the negative eon (the future side) antimatters.

Matter and [3-dimensional] energy as we used to know are superficial, a mere projection of higher dimensional eons onto our [three-dimensional] world. The space and matter in one moment are never the same things as one moment before or after. The abode of a quantum object is the whole universe; it might be everywhere and not necessarily stays at or close to its former location. It is the underlying reality that makes the quantum realm seem so bizarre.

The continuity of the passage of time we see in nature is not as what it seems to be. The series of hypersurface is like series of snapshot pictures put on a film, each of which is separated from one to another by a gap of non-existence, rolled up at the speed of light, the maximum speed that nature allows, to make sort of large motion picture.

Postulate 5: The brief existence and non-existence of the hypersurface create locality and nonlocality orders.

The cosmos is made up by a series of existence and nonexistence alternately taking place at the rhythm equal to the speed of light. The appearance of the space together with everything it contains is what we call the present time, in which the locality order prevails. Its disappearance promptly follows it into nonexistence which we call the past. In this gap of nonexistence, all become united and entangled in which the non-locality implies.

The perpetual creation and annihilation fashions alternately the locality and non-locality orders ^l). The gross sum of the alternating contribution of local-nonlocal order is mathematically described by the wavefunction. As the quantum measurement can only gauge the local order and not the complete series of local-nonlocal orders, it gives us a perception as though the act of measurement collapses the wavefunction.

Postulate 6: The dynamic movements of the opposing eons make space rotate in various directions.

There are several possible rotations of the hypersurface along different axis driven by the opposite movements of the eons at either sides of the hypersurface. The rotation of the hypersurface about the axis lying along the surface determines the direction of time. The other kind of hypersurface's rotation about the axis normal to its surface causes everything within rotates accordingly, from the smallest quantum objects up to the large objects such as solar system, galaxies, cluster of galaxies, and so on.

Postulate 7:  Aeons do exist in different degrees of potencies reflected by Spacetime’s different number of dimensions.

In deeper reality, eon is more tangible than people think, if not having a higher degree of existence.  Aeon is, in reality, a sort of ocean of higher energy in which human are like fishes swimming around but unaware about the water they immerse. The degree of freedom that the fishes enjoy reflected by the ocean's dimensions shows the grandeur of the ocean. Analogously, the eon's potency is reflected by the dimensions of its related spacetime.

Modern theories show that the world may have a high number of dimensions; thus, the existence of eons of various dimensions and potencies. In the grander cosmic level, eon as a whole constitutes a broad spectrum of different degrees of potencies which are reflected by the dimensions of its related spacetime.

The ensemble of those worlds, the grand cosmos, can be described in term of their respective positive and negative (frequency) eons. At the lowest level, we have 3-dimensional [surface] energy (E). At higher levels, we have successively 4-dimensional eon (Et₁), 5-dimensional eon (Et₁)t₂, 6-dimensional eon (Et₁t₂)t₃ and so on, which ultimately we have n-dimensional eon (Et₁t₂t₃ … t_n-1)t_n where t₁, t₂, t₃, … t_n are the corresponding time of each eon. Time is not the only one of its kind; each eon does have its own particular time.

The ensemble of positive (frequency) aeons:

F⁺ = Et₁ + Et₁t₂ + Et₁t₂t₃+ ….. Et₁t₂t₃ ... t_n

As those multiverses have their own speed of [multidimensional] light c₁, c₂, c₃ ….c_n, then we may express t_{1 =} i µ₁ c₁t₁, t₂ = j µ₂ c₁t₁, t₃ = k, … µ₃ c₁t₁… t_n = w µ_nc₁t_1,

where µ_p = c_p / c₁ , the relative speed of the higher-dimensional light, in which

p = 1,2…….n, and  i,j,k…..w are imaginary numbers.

For the sake of simplicity we just write c₁ as c and t₁ as t:

F⁺ = iµ₁cEt + ij (µ₁µ₂) cEt² + ijk (µ₁µ₂µ₃) cEt³+ …..ijk..w (µ₁µ₂µ ₃ … µ_n) cEtⁿ

F⁺ = a₁ Et + a₂ Et² + a₃ Et³+ …..a_nEtⁿ

_where a_{1 =} iµ₁c_, a₂ = ij (µ₁µ₂) c_, a₃ = ijk (µ₁µ₂µ₃) c_, a_n = ijk..w (µ₁µ₂µ ₃ … µ_n) c

Similarly the ensemble of negative (frequency) aeons:

F^- = a _-1 Et^-1 + a _-2Et^-2 + a _-3Et^-3+ …..a_-n Et^-n

The totality of aeons within the grand cosmos ^g):

F = F^- + E+ F⁺

which is nothing but the formulation of Laurent series which can be holomorphically mapped as Riemann sphere with its respective annulus of convergence.

This Riemann sphere represents the reality faithfully. Its annulus of convergence indicates that nature abhors the singularity and infinity. The Big Bang and the black hole theories which heavily rely on the possible existence of such singularity may be unphysical. Likewise, the universe is forbidden to expand forever to infinity. At certai point in the future as the world becomes extremely unstable, it would be broken apart … the doomsday.

Postulate 8:  The spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking takes place successively from the eon of highest potency to that of the lowest one.

Within the grand cosmos' realm, there exists a spectrum of eons of different degrees of potencies associated with spacetimes of different dimensions. Each of those eons bears duality which eventually makes it split itself into its opposite, the positive and negative parts. The split up of the eon together with its related spacetime takes place successively beginning from the highest potency eon to the lowest one ^m). The first split engenders a hypersurface of one dimension lower than its ambient spacetime. This new hypersurface, in turn,  splits in two bringing about in between the second generation of a hypersurface of one dimension lower than the former. This process continues until the last [4-dimensional] spacetime splits in two, generating the familiar 3-dimensional space in between.

The whole grand cosmos, thus, consists of "concentric" quantum worlds, each of which is successively embedded and rotating within the other from the smallest dimensional world to the highest one that nature imposes as a limit. The grand cosmos is like gigantic quantum clockwork in which each rotating wheel perpetually appears and disappears at different rhythms.

Postulate 9: The dimensions of eon determine the capability to store and process information, the degree of consciousness and intelligence contained therein.

The potency which is the capability to generate power is not the only feature of energy. There is another aspect of energy (eon) which hardly anybody is touching namely the capability to store and process the information. The potency and information are two sides of the same coin.

In the process of creation and annihilation of the hypersurface and all, it contains, even though there is a gap of nothingness between the two consecutive appearances of the universe, the order in macroscopic level is rigorously maintained. The form and shape of macroscopic bodies appear to be the same as today and tomorrow and never randomly change to another.

It implies that energy which survives throughout the whole series of creation and annihilation should possess a sort of information that it carries and processes along the course. At the quantum level, energy (eon) performs like small processing units integrated at macroscopic level as a gigantic supercomputer which capable to process the information at the speed of light ⁿ⁾.

The natural capability to store and process the information, in psychic terms, is called awareness. At a higher degree, we may call it consciousness and intelligence. The higher the dimensions of energy are the higher the degree of its consciousness and intelligence will be. The [four-dimensional] energy which is intimately related to matter possesses the lowest degree of awareness. Those related to plant, animal, and human possess higher and higher dimensions, thus, higher capacity and capability in carrying and processing the information.

Plants and animals might evolve for the better, but this evolution cannot pass through the barrier of their own energy dimensionality. There is no missing link between the plant and animal kingdoms and between the latter with that of human, just because there are no links between them. Darwin's evolution theory is correct but within the corridor of the respective kingdom.

The grand cosmos in its entirety possesses by itself the highest degree of consciousness and intelligence.

Notes:

a.    The quanta of action (Et) is more substance-like than just a physical number. Einstein equation of energy E = mc² shows that energy and matter which is real substance, are in equal footing. The quanta of action are frequently coined as quanta of energy. We use them interchangeably.

b. The term eon or eon has been classically used to describe the timeless undifferentiated epoch, the eternity. We use to refer to this eon as a higher form of energy. We use the notion of the eon, ocean of action and ocean of higher energy interchangeably. The energy as we know it in daily life is 3-dimensional, it is superficial, the projection of higher 4-dimensional eon. No wonder for most people energy is somewhat an abstract thing that has no existence apart of its functional relationship to others that do have a physical interpretation. The potential energy and kinetic energy are some of the examples.

c.    Entropy has the direction of the transformation toward high disorder, which is irreversible.

d.   Everything around us, tangible or intangible exists in pair either in reality or potentiality. The eon is no exception. We use the term spontaneous symmetry breaking to illustrate the manifestation of this duality's potentiality into reality. The duality of the eon is indirectly indicated by that of energy, its lower form, implicitly expressed in the relativist energy equation E² = m²c⁴ + p²c².

e.    Einstein had thought otherwise: "…The non-divisibility of the four-dimensional continuum of events does not at all, however, involve the equivalence of the space coordinates with the time coordinate. On the contrary, we must remember that the time coordinate is defined physically wholly differently from the space coordinates." Einstein was confused and gave us a faulty circle reasoning ¹.

f.     The hypersurface, hyper-interface, and space are used interchangeably.  When describing higher dimensional one, we use the notation n-hypersurface, n-hyper-interface or n-space, where n indicates the number of its dimensions.

g.    This premise diametrically against the Big Bang theory, which stands for the expanding universe caused by a "big" primeval quantum explosion coming out of nothingness.

h. Such 3-dimensional surface energy is distributed over the area of the hypersurface. Let to itself; surface energy reduces to a minimum in a way analogous to a drop of water which takes up the shape of a sphere, for a sphere has for its volume the smallest area of the surface. In the case of a 3-dimensional hypersurface embedded in between the opposing 4-dimensional eons, the corresponding interfacial tension is intimately correlated to the gravitational constant (G).

i.   It is the reason why we perceive the spatial dimension as real and temporal dimension(s) imaginary.

j.     Within the short life of the hypersurface, the superficial energy can only traverse following the circumference of the circular movement across the thickness (cross-section) of the hypersurface. This circumference (spin) is equal to Planck constant (h), which is equal to 2piħ where 2ħ is the hypersurface cross-section.

k.    Penrose ² referred such condition to Galilean dynamics which he considered as outlandish.

l.     It is commonly known as explicate-implicate orders.

m.  After the split, the world (eon)'s temperature becomes lower than before when the eon's opposing parts still mingle together. The lower the dimensions of its related spacetime is, the lower the temperature of the world (eon) will be, reflected by the value of its respective Boltzmann constant, k_B. Each world is, therefore, characterized by the universal constants: c_i, h_i, G_i and k_Bi, where i denotes the indices representing the individual worlds.

n.   The appearance and disappearance of matter to and fro energy might function as natural binary digits which are the basis of quantum computation. It opens to a new era of information technology. Some physicists seriously consider the possibility to tap and wangle this quantum processing which will radically change, one way or another, the conventional methods of information processing.

References:

1.   Einstein, A.:" The Meaning of Relativity," Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1988, p. 31.

2.    Penrose, R.:" The Road to Reality," Vintage Books, London, 2004, p. 387.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part III)

One of the significant physicists' misconceptions about nature is the uniqueness of time. When physicists encounter higher-multidimensional surroundings in their theory, they instinctively assign the extra-dimensions (beyond the ordinary four) as spatial. This premise, regarding the inequality of space and time footing, is evidence against the relativity principle.

The string theory, which had its origins in experimentally observed features of the strong force, requires the existence of six compactified extra spatial dimensions (a) and the four known spacetime dimensions. This presumption leads the theory to grave difficulties as it should deal with myriad different kinds of Callabi-Yau tiny manifolds or other similar bizarre things.

On the other hand, the grand relativity theory holds that the extra dimensions are temporal; thus, circumventing such complexities. Therefore, we may regard a system such as our world consisting of a 3D-space (hypersurface) embedded in 10D-manifold in which all extra dimensions are temporal ^b). Under the grand relativity theory, we have every right to transform it into, for instance, 9D-hypersurface embedding in the same 10D-manifold, by turning some of the temporal dimensions into spatial (Figure-1). The latter is exceedingly simpler than the former in terms of mathematical formulations, and yet it gives us the same solutions.

Physicists are used to oversimplifying their physical model using geometrical objects, such as 0D-point, 1D-line, and 2D-plane. However, one should be extremely cautious of using such objects, having no thickness at all as he or she probes more in-depth into the quantum realm.  At the quantum level, the range of actions could be concise, which might be approaching the object [quantum] thickness (at the range of 10^-33 to 10^-17 cm) ^c) that one deliberately ignores. It is no wonder that with such zero depth for their physical objects or models, physicists are confronting many irritating infinity problems.

The grand relativity theory requires any physical objects or hypersurfaces having thicknesses, the number of which depends on the number of dimensions of the embedding manifold ^d) (Figure-2). However, physicists obliged to do a similar way by incorporating such forgotten thickness into their model called supersymmetry generators e).

In Brane theory, physicists assign some space and time's dimensions on and along its surface while off of it spatial. They certainly make a significant confusion as to the brane, like hypersurface embedding in a higher dimensional spacetime, should have solely spatial dimensions on and along its surface and temporal dimension[s] off of it.

The hypersurface or brane is the loci of things that co-occur if not at lower temporal dimensions it would certainly so at higher temporal dimension (Figure-3). 

The hypersurface tends to flatten out as it has higher dimensions. But how high should they be? Mathematically, a spacetime may embed an n-dimensional hypersurface properly only if the former has at least ½ n(n+1) dimensions. Our 4D-world, for example, requires a sufficient ample ambient space i.e., 10D-manifold, for having a complete degree of freedoms without being constrained at whatever directions.

It turns out that some theories, such as Supergravity, require an embedding spacetime of even higher dimensions. The Supergravity demands an eleven-dimensional ^f) embedding spacetime, but still, nobody can fully renormalize the Supergravity.

Notes:

a.  Physicists are assumed to be curled up into tiny loops as nobody ever directly experiences them.

b.   It can be expressed mathematically as Octonion, a Hypercomplex consisting of one real and seven imaginary variables. The real part is the spatial variables' function, while the seven imaginary parts represent seven different temporal dimensions.

c.  No real particle smaller than the hypersurface's thickness, except virtual particles perpetually emerge and submerge across the depth. This thickness size, which becomes the minimum size of the real particle is what physicists call hierarchy problem.

d.  Analogically under 3D-ambient space, a point has three thicknesses, string two thicknesses (cross-section), and plane one thickness. Otherwise, they would be evaporating into thin air.

e.  Mathematically physicists may express such a framework in terms of Superalgebra equation whose ordinary and super parts are sometimes called body and soul, respectively ¹. It is equivalent to Octonion Hypercomplex with its real and imaginary parts. Amazingly, this is a proper way to describe a subtle structure such as [higher dimensional] soul embedding a body, contrary to what most people think the soul is inside the body.

f.  It is a sort of pseudo dimension representing the tip of the 11+ "iceberg" dimensions. The ancients (among other Empedocles: 490-430 BC) described the realms consisting of earth, water, air, and fire analogous to a changing phase from ice, water, vapor, and steam.  We may interpret that earth representing energy/material stable things in 3D-space, water representing energy in 4D - 10D-spacetimes, the air in 11D - 55D-spacetimes and fire in 56D - 1540D-spacetimes, the dimension ranges of which are speculated under the ½ n(n+1) rule, if we may do so. This metaphor shows us that the energy associated with particular spacetime is hotter as the spacetime dimensions become higher. The reality beyond those dimensions is far from our wildest imagination and concern.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory?

Our universe, as a system, has multidimensional surroundings. We could imagine it as concentric worlds consisting of 3D [ephemeral] material world at the innermost embedded successively by the infinite number of surrounding [energetic] realms having higher and higher dimensions. The grand relativity theory prevails in all of those worlds except absolute (unlimited dimensional "world").

The grand relativity theory holds that the energy conservation law prevails throughout all those relative worlds. As our 3D-world contains energy, any higher world embedding ours should also contain energy. The concept of nothingness in the sense of "something" devoid of energy is a mere human imagination ^a). The biggest blunder that scientists had ever made was their speculation about something created out of nothing (creatio ex nihilo). The Big Bang is one of such misleading popular products.

What most people mean by the creation is, in fact, the split of something preexisting—an example from the empirical reality of the rubbing of a glass rod with a piece of silk. The two kinds of electrification i.e., the positive charge found on the glass rod and an equal negative charge found on the silk, are not created by friction but are only separated.

This kind of split mechanism is what happened in the grand formations of those relative multidimensional worlds. As the energy of a particular world, say nD-world, splits into its positive and negative parts ^b), an (n-1)D-hypersurface ^c) is formed between the two. This kind of splits (spontaneous symmetry breaking) happened successively from the highest dimensional world to the lowest.

At the lowest level, where the split of 4D-world creates a 3D-hypersurface (our 3D-space), at this particular place, the 4D-energy transformed into 3D-matter ^d). Without such separation, the 4D-world would still have undistinguishable dimensions. In such a world, there could be neither present, past nor the future. It is only after the split that space and time are taking place ^e).

Mainstream physicists have wrongly taken such a world (unsplit spacetime), as representing the real world. No wonder Einstein was uncomfortable as the experience of the Now was beyond the reach of the realm of science. Had he known the cause of the problem, he would reconcile his relativity theory with that of quantum.

Without split, there would be neither space nor matter ^f). Matter can only be created and presents in the 3D-hypersurface, not throughout the whole spacetime. The gravity constant (G), one of the fundamental constants in nature, is a sort of hypersurface‘s "interfacial tension." Therefore, the gravity is acting only across the hypersurface, not out of it as what the brane theory postulates.

Physicists were perplexed when the superstring theory demands the multidimensionality of spacetime. They postulated that the extra-dimensions are curly as they refuted the existence of vast and extended multidimensional worlds beyond our conventional 4D-world. They don't want to believe that such extra-dimensions could be temporal as it would lead them to an extremely complicated situation. Nature, alas, has nothing to do with what physicists presume.

The grand relativity theory, however, is coming to secure the problem. It holds that the relativity of the space and time prevails in all of those worlds. The law of physics is invariant under the transformation of space and time no matter how many dimensions a particular world possesses ^g).

Notes:

a)    The multidimensionality of those worlds is nothing but the geometrical manifestation of a spectrum of energies having a different number of dimensions. This gigantic spectrum of cosmic energies is like a spectrum of lights having different frequencies, forming a colorless white light when in a mixture.

b)    The symmetry is not a mere aesthetic aspect of nature but a derivative of the conservation law.  The opposite pairing of every existence in nature is one of its logical consequences. The energy is no exception; it inherently consists of positive and negative energy as the relative energy equation E² = m²c⁴ + p²c² indicates. Surprisingly, most physicists are against such a premise.

c)    In the superstring theory, such a hypersurface is called brane, which could have many dimensions.  Biblical Genesis calls it firmament (raqia in Hebrew) embedded between water above and water below. The term of water in this biblical account, undoubtedly referred to as energy. We should notice, however, that in the real world, no surface (including higher-dimensional hypersurface) configuration has a zero thickness (mathematical surface), which most physicists use in their theory. This oversight leads physicists to many annoyance infinity problems. The minimum thickness that nature allows is 10^-33 cm, the Planck distance, below which space and time have no meaning. It is where the quantum phenomenon mingles with the relativity world.

d)    Following the energy equation, E=mc². The interactions between the positive and negative energy across through the hypersurface make such transformation appears as reversible. Matters and the hypersurface they abode are created and annihilated back and forth into energy at the rate equal to the speed of light. This weird phenomenon perpetually occurs at such a short time, and distance makes people perplex when they stumble upon the quantum realm.

e)    Space is the [4D]-time smallest unit, just like a point as the smallest part of a line or a surface as a small part of the space.

f)     There was yet no space where matter could exist, and no time where the dynamic action might occur. It was only after the split of such a chaotic world that the order established. Such as the basic principle of most of the ancient creation of mythology around the globe.

g) For example, a system consisting of 3D-space embedded in 10D-world has the same physical law as that of 9D-space embedded in the same 10D-world. The latter world model represents better than the former as it is more uncomplicated and more comfortable to be resolved.