Dirac, anti-Dirac Seas and A Rotating Universe

It has been a long time that speculation on the rotating universe rose among the physicists. A rotating universe, however, would have a preferred spin axis – a particular direction in space instead of homogeneous and isotropic space – violating the very foundation of modern cosmology.

The Grand Relativity Theory which hinges on the interaction of the two polar 4D-energy seas (Dirac and anti-Dirac seas), between which our 3D-universe (hypersurface) located, may explain such phenomenon. As these energy seas have opposite charges, they would exert strong opposite angular momentum (clockwise and counterclockwise directions) on either side of the hypersurface.

Under such a dynamic system, two kinds of hypersurface rotations are possible i.e., a rotation about the axis lying across its surface (time-like rotation) and about the axis normal to it (space-like rotation). The first rotation determines the direction of dynamical time (Figure-1A) that we experience as a passage of time, a feeling that time is running, while the second rotation may turn around the whole universe and spin all objects within (Figure-1B).

However, the turning around of the whole universe requires a particular condition. It may happen if there is an excess of clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation of the two energy (Dirac and anti-Dirac) seas. The entire universe would have a net angular momentum and have, therefore, a preferred right or left "handedness." It means that the mirror symmetry ("parity") of the whole universe is violated on the largest scales. Otherwise, the parity is preserved, and the whole universe is not rotating. However, even in this case, the local objects (subatomic and atomic particles, planets, solar systems, galaxies, super-galaxies and so forth x) may spin as far as their left, and right-handed rotations are in par. 

 This ambiguity as to whether the whole universe is rotating or not could be solved only by direct astronomical observations. The recent study done by Professor Michael Longo and his team ^a) at the University of Michigan over 15,000 galaxies in the northern hemisphere indicates that above the plane of Milky Way, spiral galaxies which are spinning in a counterclockwise are seven percent more than those spinning clockwise.

A separate study done over around 8300 spiral galaxies in the southern galactic hemisphere indicates that below the galactic plane, on the contrary, spiral galaxies whirling in a clockwise direction are more than that of counterclockwise. The discovery of an excess of counter-clockwise rotating spiral galaxies in the part of the sky toward the northern hemisphere and the opposite toward the southern hemisphere indicates that the universe has not to mirror symmetry. The survey coverage, however, extended out to only 5 percent of the distance to the farthest observed galaxies (around 600 million light-years from Earth).

The calculated small excess at about 7 percent within the region extending not even one per mil of the total volume of the visible universe may be only local inhomogeneity of much larger universe which might be more homogeneous and isotropic.  Our intuition tells us that it should be most likely the case ^b). 

 

However, as we experience the passage of time in our daily life, the time-like rotation of the hypersurface that creates such feeling should be real. The excess of clockwise or counterclockwise rotations which makes this time-like rotation if it does not occur universally, at least it occur regionally, for example, at the extreme sides of the universe. It may be the consequence of the Dirac and anti-Dirac seas' skew symmetry rather than mirror symmetry parity (Figure-2), which becomes more and more accentuated during the lifecycle of the rotation. Also, the same mechanism might also come about for the space-like rotation.

Notes:

a.     The result of the study is, of course, devoted to enhancing the Big Bang cosmology, but we can take advantage of it to support our Grand Relativity Theory.

b.     However, in ordinary life, various phenomena violate parity in microscopic scales. Such phenomena, for example, may be observed in nuclear beta decays and amino acids which have a strong preference for left-handed, rather than right-handed.