Superstring Theory and the Seven Heavens

The superstring theory indicates for the first time the existence of multidimensional universes. It is supposed to be able to provide a comprehensive explanation of all known physical phenomena and answers the questions that the Big Bang theory cannot do: What happened before the creation (Big Bang)? Why did the universe explode?

According to the superstring theory the universe initially existed in ten dimensions. However, because the ten-dimensional universe was unstable ^a), it creaked into two pieces, i.e. a four- and a six-dimensional universe ¹. The ordinary four dimensions well extended while the other six extra dimensions shrunk and curled to an incredibly small size (10^-33 cm), the reason why humans can not reach it.

Most physicists have deeply penetrated the mathematical aspect of the theory, but when come to translate it into physical reality it happened that they did it very lightly and carelessly. How come that a ten-dimensional body can be split in two to get a four- and a six-dimensional body? Surprisingly, nobody challenges and fixes such a bizarre idea. The perturbation theory, or whatever theory it is, would certainly fail to break a ten-dimensional body down to a four- and a six-dimensional body.

Let take an example of a three-dimensional body, say a cube of cheese. If we split it in two, indeed we did not get a thin piece of cheese and a fiber-like cheese (Figure-1A). In order to get a fiber-like form, we should make a series of slices; the first slices produce thin pieces of cheese, and the subsequent slices produce fibers of cheese (Figure-1B).

Now, how do we get a four-dimensional universe from the original ten-dimensional one? As the string theory postulated, the original ten-dimensional universe was so unstable that it broke in two parts. However, instead of creating one four- and one six-dimensional universe, a nine-dimensional universe was created in between the two separated parts of the original universe ^b). A series of subsequent splits took place successively in a similar way from higher down to the lower-dimensional universe.

In the end, we have a total of seven universes ^c), the one embedding the other in a successive lowering order of their dimensions.  As such, there is a ten-dimensional universe at the outmost embedding nine-dimensional one, the later embedding eight-dimensional one and so forth. At the end of the series we get the four-dimensional universe embedding a rotating ephemeral three-dimensional space, where we live in, perpetually appearing and disappearing across it (Figure-2) ^d).

Each universe contains the qualities and interactions of the one above, so that each descending level of the universe is in turn under more laws, more complex, and having much more varieties of kinds of stuff. It is the underlying purpose of the grand unification which hardly any physicist is aware. Regressing such cosmic creation process to the original condition of the ten-dimensional universe would give us a much simple physical law with fewer quantum kinds of stuff in it ^e).

Why, then, we cannot directly experience these extra higher-dimensional worlds? Just because the extra dimensions are temporal, not curly spatial dimensions as what the superstring theory hypothesizes. Each universe has its owned light ^f) with its corresponding speed (c_i), Planck constant (h_i) and gravity constant (G_i), depending on the degree of its dimensions.

The brane theory, as the extension of the superstring theory, should be adjusted accordingly. We better regard a brane as an interface lies between two [liquid-like] bodies, instead of a piece of paper floating in thin air. The brane’s dimensions which extend along its surface are spatial and off of it temporal.

The gravity fields propagate along the surface of the brane and not in the direction off of it as the brane theorists hypothesize ². We should, therefore, regard parallel branes as two sides of the same brane; otherwise, they coexist in different time which is absurd.

Notes:

a)     The superstring theory cannot elaborate on the reason why such a universe is inherently unstable. The bold answer to that is that the energy intrinsically consists of the opposites, the positive and negative energy. These two parts tend to segregate arousing [rotational] opposite motions within and eventually the universe creaks into two pieces.

b)     We may easily imagine this phenomenon as a separation of oil and water creating an interface in between. However, instead of three-dimensional, we have here ten-dimensional oil-water system.

c)      The ancient term of such worlds was the seven heavens

d)    The knowledge of such cosmic structure has been known since the antiquity but degraded as time evolves to become just that of the planetary orbits of our solar system. The conflicting misinterpretation of such gigantic macro-cosmic concept, which was beyond both the church and Galileo's imagination, had tragically taken Galileo's life.

e)   Peter Freund, one of the pioneers, worked in multidimensional space, even though he did not know about the geometrical structure of such worlds, accurately stated that the laws of nature become simpler and elegant when formulated in higher dimensions.

f)      In the ancient relative term: light upon lights.

References:

1. Kaku, M.:" Hyperspace," Anchor Books, Doubleday, New York, 1994, p. 195, 207.

2. Randall, L.:" Warped Passage," Harp

Energeticist vs Materialist

The idea that the world consists of continuous substance against that of tiny material parts occurred since the dawn of human history. By the end of the 19^th century, the proponents of the substance theory which then became energeticists confronted openly and fiercely with those of atomic theory which also known as materialists.

The ancients believed that the world consisted of the transformation of a single continuous substance which they called water with its various phase transformations such as fire, air and solid (earth). The energeticists held a similar idea that the real underlying component of the universe was energy in its various forms ^a).

Energeticists led by Ostwald turned to [chemical] thermodynamics which successfully described the physical and chemical reactions without recourse to the atomic hypothesis ¹⁾. Ostwald and his colleagues claimed that the molecules and atoms were just illusions.

Dalton and the proponents of the atomic idea held that all matter was made up of an extremely small solid having no internal structure, indivisible, unchangeable and indestructible. This theory has taken more than two millennia to evolve, from the time of the Greek philosopher ^b) Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century BC but has only been proved experimentally in the early 20^th century.

Debates between the proponents of the energetics and the atomic hypothesis were so fierce and rude that was believed to become part of the tragic suicide's cause of Boltzmann, one of the strong proponents of atomic hypothesis. However, following the work of Einstein on Brownian motion which pointed out the existence of atoms, Ostwald and his followers finally accepted that the atomic theory was scientifically well-founded.

Today nobody doubts about the existence of atoms. We do not have any problem with that,  but our main concern is on the question of the degree of existence of atoms or subatomic particles we are talking. In our previous articles it was concluded that at the quantum level there is no such matter which exists persistently. At every brief instance of time matter is created and annihilated perpetually out of and into energy at the pace equal to the speed of light ^c) as implicitly expressed in the Einstein equation E = mc² (Fig.1).

The theory of relativity which holds the equivalence of energy and mass in some extend dethrones the concept of matter as the building block of reality, bringing in a new notion of rest mass as a residual concept. However, the quantum theory launches a coup de grace sinking the materialism and classical mechanism for good as we interpret it in Figure-1.

Matter exists only ephemerally. The persistence of matter is just human illusion. The only substance persisting in time is energy from which all matters are derived. The final score of the debates was 1 to 1/2; the energeticists were right, and the materialistic proponents were only half right. The materialism including Marxism which holds matter as the sole subject of change is wrong both physically and philosophically.

Notes:  

                                                              

a)      The ancient “water” is nothing but the immaterial substance which is called energy in modern time. The ancient water and energy are two different names of the same thing. The ancients acknowledged that energy existed in different phases which ancient called earth (solid), water, air, and fire. In our modern time, we may comprehend these different phases of energy as having higher dimensions in successive order.

b)     The word atom comes from Greek which means indivisible.

c)      It is the underlying reality of the wave and particle duality and its related phenomenon observed in the double-slit experiment.

References:

1.   Herbert, N.: "Quantum Reality," Anchor Books, New York, 1985, p. 10.

Energy and Information

Thomas Alva Edison was an outstanding inventor, some of whose works were unintentionally making use of the deepest secret of nature. His invention on the motion picture, for example, miniaturized the dynamic mechanism on how nature works.

He devised the camera capable of taking snapshots of events at 24 pictures per second and concurrently invented a projector in which a series of pictures printed in a film was projected on a screen giving us the perception of seeing events running continuously through time.

Nature works similarly as motion picture does, but instead of having 24 snapshots of events per second, we have in nature 10⁴⁴ snapshots of the whole universe per second ^a).

While the pictures taken for the movie consisted of a series of two-dimensional images separated by gaps, those of universe is three-dimensional ^b) separated by a gap of nonexistence (Fig.1).

 

In reality, there is no such thing as a continuous [material] existence prevails in nature. Every (material) thing perpetually appears and disappears through time, except the energy which alone persists ^c). The persistence of matter is just an illusion ^d).

The law governing such mechanism should be nonlocal in order to avoid chaos during the quantum "teleportation" from the vanishing space to the new emerging space (as proved by Bell theorem). The fundamental particles that make up the universe should be teleported from the vanishing space to the new space as inseparably connected to some indivisible whole.

Such teleportation requires the preservation of [nonlocal] information to avoid chaos albeit the abrupt changes caused by perpetual creation and annihilation of the whole existence. As energy is the only substance persisting through time, this energy should carry such information. The energy and information are the two sides of the same coin.

In its development, the physics has heavily explored the energy related to the aspects of force, power or action and very little to those of information¹. There are various degrees of higher dimensional energies in nature and thus higher degrees of information.

The higher the dimensions of energy, the higher the dimensions of its corresponding aspect of information are; thus the higher the degree of consciousness they possess ^e). It may ultimately lead us to reveal the deepest secret of life itself.

Notes:

a.    It takes the snapshots at the pace equal to the speed of light.

b.  We may relate this to Minkowski's statement that we have in the world no longer a single space, but an infinite number of spaces, analogously as there are in three-dimensional space an infinite number of planes. Three-dimensional geometry becomes a chapter in four-dimensional physics ². We should remind, however, that those spaces do not exist simultaneously but in successive order, in the sense that the individual space appears and disappears one after another

successively giving us a perception the succession of time.

c.    This phenomenon is described by the Einstein equation E = mc² in the sense that m (mass) perpetually created and annihilated out of and into energy (E) at the pace equal to the speed of light (c).

d.    The Copenhagen interpretation holds that the unmeasured electron is not a real one in the sense that it never possesses definite but all possible attribute values. The electron becomes real only in the act of measurement. This interpretation was comically extended to the macroscopic thought experiment using a famous cat [named Schrodinger] ³ in place of an electron where the poor cat was both alive and dead at the same time when was not observed.

e.    The energy inherently capability to store and process information may in some extent be called consciousness. It is the underlying reality of why there are various degrees of consciousness and lives in nature.

References:

1.  Davies et al.: "Information and the Nature of Reality," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, 2011.

2.    Einstein, A. et al.: ”The Principle of Relativity,” Dover Publication, Inc., New York, 1952, p. 79-80.